.H9 P2 <^l;^ :^4^ ^(D.<S>CoU^CUr 

Copy 1 ' <^ ^.^y^^^^yu^iyi^^a^tyt-xi/L 



M l)i$toilcal Jiddrm 



Delivered by 



Ron* 3* Simpson Jlfrica, 



JIt the Uttveilitid of tDe 



Standing Stone monument. 

fiuntinddon Borougb Centennial 
Celebration Exercises. 



An Historical Address 



DELIVERED BY 



Hon. J. SIMPSON AFRICA, 



AT THE UNVEILING OF THE 



Standing Stone Monument. 



Celebration Exercises 

HUNTINGDON BOROUGH CENTENNIAL, 

September 8, 9 and 10, 1896. 



J O.BLAIR CO., HUNTINGDON, PA 



4 
side of the Susquehanna the location of an Indian tribe named 
"Onojutta-Haga," is shown. 

'^ Onojutta" is compounded from ''Onia, a stone," and 
'■^Kaniota, erect or upright," meaning "an upright or stand- 
ing-stone ; " '^'Haga a suffix, denoting people or nation," 
hence Onojutta-Has,a, the people or nation of the standing- 
stone. In the "Iroquois Book of Rites," ^' Onenyute'' is 
given as meaning "the protruding stone." From this ancient 
designation '■'■ Onojutta,'" passing through numberless changes, 
has come down to us the sweet-sounding name ^ 'Juniata,^' 
dear to every one dwelling on its waters. 

Beginning with the original, a few of the varied forms 
of the word are presented : 

Iroquois, 1655, 0-no-jut-ta. 

French, On-ne-yo-te. 

French Map, Chen-e-gai-de. 

Delaware, Yuch-ni-a-da. 

N. Y. Records, 1726, Sogh-nei-ja-die. 

Taylor's Map, - 1728, Che-ni-a-ty. 

Letort & Davenport, 1731, Cho-ni-a-ta. 

Colonial Records IV, 1742, Ju-ni-a-ta. 

Governor Thomas, 1743, Ju-ni-a-da. 

Colonial Records IV, 1743, Ju-ni-a-ta. 

Thomas McKee, 1743, Chi-ni ot-ta. 

Conrad Weiser, 1743, Chi-ni-ot-te. 

Rev. David Brainard, 1745, Ju-ne-au-ta. 

Conrad Weiser, 1747; Jo-ni-a-dy. 

" " 1748, Sch-ho-ay-a-dy. 

While the spelling of the word has been varied largely 
by the nationality of the writers, in every form a resemblance 
in sound to the original or the accepted pronunciation is 
observable. 

By long usage the name assumed the form Ju-ni-a-ta. 
It is spelled in that way in most of the old land warrants, 
surveys, patents and deeds. 

At the date of the earliest provincial records, the terri- 
tory of the valley was in possession of the Iroquois, or, as 
the league was then called by the English, the "Five-Nations," 




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5 
and after the admission of the Tuscaroras, the "Six Nations." 
The Delawares or Lenni Lenapes as they designated them- 
selves, were the original possessors of the soil but were sub- 
dued by their ancient enemies, the Iroquois, after the Dutch 
in New York had supplied the latter with fire-arms. The 
Delawares continued to reside in Eastern and Central Penn- 
sylvania by sufferance and not by right. It was Indians of 
that tribe that greeted the early explorers of the valley. 

Rev. John Heckewelder, a recognized authority on any 
subject relating to the Indians of Pennsylvania, says that the 
name of this locality in the Delaware language is ^^Achsin- 
nink,'" which signifies "Standing Stone." Thus we learn 
that the Iroquois ^^ Onojutta''' and its transformation, Juniata, 
the Delaware "Achsinnink,'' and the English "Standing- 
Stone, ' ' mean one and the same thing. After the acquisition 
of the province by William Penn, but before the extinguish- 
ment of the Indians title to the lands of the valley, travel 
along its pathways was chiefly confined to Indian traders and 
special proprietary agents sent with messages to the natives. 
Neither class contributed much to the geographical knowl- 
edge of the day. The traders, bent upon profitable barter, 
wasted no time in keeping journals of their trips for the edifi- 
cation of future generations. 

There was a manifest disposition to ignore the euphoni- 
ous Indian names of streams, mountains and localities, and 
to substitute English equivalents. In this way many desig- 
nations that ought to have been perpetuated have been lost. 
Besides those already named a few others have survived. 
Among these Aughwick, (corrupted from Achweek,) Tusca- 
rora, Kishacoquillas, Allaquippa, Cocolamus, and Mattawanna, 
remain as reminders of the red man's occupation of the valley. 

The earliest mention of the stone in any official docu- 
ment was by Conrad Weiser* in his journal of a trip made 

*Born November and, 1696, in Wurtemburg. Came with liis parents to 
America ; landing June 17th, 1710, and settled at Newberg. Living with and 
among the Indians, he became acquainted with their language. He was etn- 
ployed from early manhood as a farmer and teacher. In 1729 he followed his 
father and other German families to Tulpehocken, now in Berks County, which 
continued to be his place of residence until his death, July 13th, 1760. He was 
often called on by the Proprietary government in conferences and treaties with 
the"hatives, and his presence. and services on such occasions were sought for by 
both parties. 



6 

in 1748 by direction of the Provincial government to treat 
with the Indians on the Ohio. Under date of August i8th, 
this entry appears: "Had a great rain in the afternoon; 
came within two miles of the Standing-Stone, 24 miles."* 
John Harris, founder of Harrisburg, in an account of the 
distance taken in 1753 to various points on the road to Logs- 
town, after passing "Jack Armstrong's Narrows, so called 
from his being there murdered," reports ten miles "to the 
Standing-Stone, about 14 feet high, 6 inch square."** 

At this date the title to all the lands of the province 
westward of the Susquehanna and the Kittochtinny Moun- 
tain remained in the Indians and no part of it was open to 
appropriation by settlers or purchasers, but Hugh Craw- 
ford,*** as the records show, claimed to have made an im- 
provement here in 1753 or 1754. He probably obtained per- 
mission from the natives to settle and possibly to establish a 
trading-post, so as to have a sort of preemption to entitle 
him to take out a warrant of survey when the lands should 
be subject to appropriation. From the time of his occupancy 
until after he had sold his right, the tract of land is designated 
in the records as "Crawford's place" as well as the "Stand- 
ing-Stone tract." 

The Land Office warrant for the land including the 
site of the Industrial Reformatory, granted March 17, 1755, 
describes it as being situated "a little higher than the 
Standing Stone, but on the opposite side on the river 
Juniata, on both sides of the Traders' road." 

On Scull's map of Pennsylvania, published January ist, 
1759, the stone is indicated by a symbol accompanied by 
the name "Standing Stone," but it is on the wrong side of 
the creek, an error easily committed by a draftsman un- 
familiar with the locality delineated. The map has near the 
river and above the mouth of the creek, a representation of 
a house with the legend "Crawford's" annexed thereto. 

*Col. Records V, p. 348. 

**Pa. Archives II, p. 133. 

♦**He was an Indian trader but entered the Provincial tnilitary service when 
the Indian troubles began in 1755. In 1756 he was a lieutenant in Captain James 
Patterson's company. March nth, 1759, he was commissioned ensign, ist bat- 
talion, Penna. Regft., John Armstrong, Colonel commanding. 



7 
This map also shows the location of Shaver^ s settlement at 
the mouth of Shaver's Creek, and Torrence' s between the 
Juniata and Little Juniata, near Alexandria. 

We are informed by long cherished tradition, that the 
natives regarded the stone with superstitious veneration, and 
believed that its destruction or removal would be a precursor 
of the dispersion of the tribe. On one occasion when the 
warriors of the Stone were away on a hunting expedition, the 
Tuscaroras,* who then dwelt in the valley yet bearing their 
name, came up the river, captured and carried away the 
stone. The warriors, on their return, learning of their loss, 
proceeded to Tuscarora, and after a severe engagement with 
the invaders, recaptured the Stone, brought it home, and 
with the pomp and ceremony with which they invested all 
their great performances, re- erected it in its original place. 
This monumental pillar, around which so much history and 
tradition clings, was doubtless inscribed with hieroglyphics, 
intended to perpetuate a record of the history and achieve- 
ments of the tribe. But of the many explorers, Proprietary 
agents, and traders, who passed by on their travels along the 
well-beaten path to and from "the forks of Ohio," only two 
have left any account of it, Weiser and Harris. The former 
only notes its existence and the latter its dimensions. 

When William Penn divided his Province into the three 
counties of Chester, Philadelphia and Bucks, this valley be- 
came a part of Chester. It came under the jurisdiction of 
Lancaster on its formation, May loth, 1729, and formed a 
part of Cumberland on its erection, January 27th, 1750. 

At a treaty made at Albany, in the summer of 1754, ne- 
gotiations on the part of the Proprietary government, for the 
purchase of the Indian title to lands north-west of the Sus- 
quehanna and the Kittochtinny Mountains, was followed^by 
a deed executed on the 6th day of July, by the chiefs of the 
Mohawk, Oneida, Onondago, Cayuga, Seneca and Tuscarora 
nations, forming the confederacy then known as the "Six 



*A tribe of Indians who came from the South about 1712 and allied them- 
selves with the "Five Nations," who, after this alliance were called the "Six 
Nations" by the English. The French designation is "Iroquois." 



Nations," to Thomas and Richard Penn, proprietaries of the 
province of Pennsylvania, for the paltry consideration of 
four hundred pounds, lawful money of New York, (amount- 
ing to one thousand dollars of our present money,) convey- 
ing their title to "all the lands lying within the said prov- 
ince of Pennsylvania, bounded and limited as follows, 
namely : Beginning at the Kittochtinny or Blue Hills, on 
the west branch of the Susquehanna River, and thence by 
the said River a mile above the mouth of a certain Creek 
called Kayarondinhagh ; thence north-west and by west as 
far as the said province of Pennsylvania extends, to its 
western lines or boundaries ; thence along said western line 
to the south line or boundary of said province ; thence by 
the said south line or boundary to the south side of said 
Kittochtinny Hills ; thence by the south side of said Hills 
to the place of beginning." 

Soon after the execution of this deed, the Indians of 
the valley of the Juniata, in good faith, passed beyond the 
Alleglianies. Some were Delawares and some Shawanese. 
With their exodus, the original Oncjutta, Achsimiink or 
Standing Stone disappeared. Hugh Crawford succeeded in 
the occupancy of the lands at the "Stone," including the 
clearings long cultivated by the natives in corn, potatoes, 
etc., on the plateau now covered by the older settled parts 
of the borough and the meadows skirting Standing-Stone 
Creek. To keep alive recollections of the past, a second 
pillar was erected on the site of the original. All subsequent 
descri|>tions of the monumental column have reference to the 
second stone. 

The boundaries given in the deed of 1754, included 
more than half the area of the Province. Early in 1755 the 
Land Office began granting warrants for the survey of lands, 
and many "improvers," availing thea:selves of the liberal 
terms offered by the Proprietaries, flocked to this new terri- 
tory, and settled upon choice spots of land in the valley of 
the Juniata and elsewhere in the purchase. When the Indi- 
ans came to realize the immensity of the domain covered by 
the deed, they said they had been deceived and proclaimed 



9 

their dissatisfaction. At a conference held at Aughwick, in 
September, 1754, they gave notice that they did not under- 
stand the points of the compass, and would not consent to a 
confirmation of the sweeping boundaries of the deed. Little 
attention was paid to their protests, and the Delawares, now 
seated on the waters of the Ohio, lent a willing ear to the 
persuasions of the French to join them in their warfare against 
the English, now their common enemy. In this alliance 
they were joined by the Shawanese. The first marked result 
was the defeat of General Brad dock, near the Monongahela, 
July 9th, 1755. O^ receipt of news of this disaster, the few 
inhabitants in the upper part of the valley fled to the older 
settlements for safety. The Provincial government, aroused 
to the necessity of protecting the people of the central part 
of the province from the death-dealing tomahawk and scalp- 
ing knife of the infuriated natives, built a cordon of forts 
stretching across the country from near the Delaware Water 
Gap to the Maryland line. One of these, called Fort Shir- 
ley, was built by George Croghan near his residence on the 
site of the borough of Shirleysburg. These did not prevent 
the forays of the Indians. 

Col. John Armstrong's successful expedition to the 
Indian town of Kittanning, in September, 1756, had the 
effect of staying the raids, but substantial peace was not ac- 
complished until the army of Gen'l Forbes, in 1758, occu- 
pied the site of the French Fort Duquesne and erected Fort 
Pitt, followed by a conference at Easton, on the 23rd day of 
October of that year, when a deed was executed by the Indi- 
ans to the Proprietaries, in which the purchase of 1754 was 
limited to the territory now included in the counties of Bed- 
ford, Fulton, Blair, Huntingdon, Mifflin, Juniata and Perry, 
and parts of Franklin, Snyder, Union, Centre and Somerset. 
But a feeling of insecurity restrained a resumption of the set- 
tlements of the valley, until about 1762, except in a few in- 
stances where the pioneers took the risk of a repetition of 
the raids of the Indians. 

Hugh Crawford, as we have already seen, joined the 
troops raised for the defense of the Province and probably 



lO 

never returned to his Standing Stone home, for by a deed 
executed at Fort Pitt, June ist, 1760, for the consideration 
of one hundred pounds, he conveyed it to George Croghan, 
by description as follows : 

"A certain tract of land of four hundred acres on the 
north side of the Frankstown branch of Juniata,* known 
by the name of the Standing Stone, including my improve- 
ments thereon, from the mouth of the Standing Stone Creek 
to the crossing** up the Creek, and to the upperward point 
of the small island."*** 

A number of warrants were located and improvements 
made in the upper part of the valley in 1762 and 1763, but 
Pontiac's War begun in 1763, again restrained immigration 
until after Col. Boquet's successful expedition to the Ohio 
country in 1764. From this date until after the breaking 
out of the war of the Revolution, the inhabitants were unmo- 
lested in the pursuit of their peaceful avocations. 

The march of events has brought us to the time when 
Rev. William Smith, D. D., appears as a conspicuous actor in 
incidents occurring in this region. He was born near Aber- 
deen, Scotland, September 7th, 1727 ; graduated at the Uni- 
versity in that city, in March, 1747; arrived in America, 
May ist, 1 75 1. Through Benjamin Franklin, he was invited 
to take charge of the Academy in Philadelphia. He went to 
England in 1753, and in December of that year was ordain- 
ed successively Deacon and Priest of the Established Church. 
He returned to Philadelphia in May, 1754, and on the 24th 
of that month was installed as provost of the College and 
Academy of that city, and professor of Natural Philosophy. 
He was a man of learning and ability, and occupied a con- 
spicuous place in matters of Church, State and Science. His 
death occurred in his adopted city, May 14th, 1803. 

By some circumstance, his attention was directed to the 
beauties and possibilities of the upper part of the valley of 
the Juniata, and he gratified his desire to be the possessor of 

♦At this date and for a number of years afterward the desipiation "Juniata 
River" was, in general, only applied to the stream below the forks of the Franks- 
town and Rayalown branches, two and a half miles S. E. o{ Huntingdon. 

♦♦Where the Traders' road crossed, above Eighth Street. 

***Cypress Island, extending up the river from near Eighth Street. 




REV. WILLIAM SMITH, D. D. 

FIRST PROVOST OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

BORN SEPT. 7, 1727; DIED MAY 14, 1803. 

FOUNDER OF THE TOWN OF HUNTINGDON, PENN'A. 



some of its lands as rapidly as his improving finances per- 
mitted. 

On the 5th of June, 1762, Samuel Nivins, then residing 
somewhere in the County, of Cumberland, took out a warrant 
"for three hundred acres of land on the south side of the 
Frankstown branch of the Juniata, opposite to the mouth of 
Standing Stone Creek." Doctor Smith became the owner 
of this warrant by deed from Nivins, dated December 14th, 
1762. During the year 1765, he purchased a number of 
warrants for lands in various parts of the county, and on the 
19th of September, of the same year, by deed from Robert 
Levers, of Philadelphia, he became the owner of the Indus- 
trial Reformatory tract. But it was not until the next year 
that he succeeded to the ownership of the coveted "The 
Standing Stone" tract. On the 25th of March, 1766, George 
Croghan, for the consideration of three hundred pounds, 
(equal to eight hundred dollars, Federal money,) conveyed 
to Smith his unlocated warrant of Dec. loth, 1764. On the 
6th of May following, Dr. Smith caused a survey to be made 
by Samuel Finley, an assistant of William Maclay, then one 
of the Deputy Surveyors for the county of Cumberland, of 
"the Standing Stone place and Crawford's," which contain- 
ed 1558^ acres. This was a much greater area than could 
be covered by the Croghan warrant but, by warrants subse- 
quently obtained, Doctor Smith became the owner of the 
whole. On the 6th of September following, an official sur- 
vey was made on the Croghan warrant, extending along the 
river from the Stone Quarry below "Charleston," to the 
upper point of Cypress Island, a distance exceeding two 
miles. That survey was returned to the Land Office. In the 
return by the Deputy Surveyor, as well as in the patent after- 
ward granted to Doctor Smith, the land is designated as "The 
Standing Stone" tract. 

During the following year, 1767, Dr. Smith caused a 
town plot to be laid out on the Standing Stone tract, divided 
into forty-five lots. This plan was bounded on the North by 
the street now called Washington ; on the East by the old 
borough line, adjoining the West side of the meadow lot 



now owned by J. C. Blair, and the lot owned by the Hunt- 
ingdon Gas Company ; on the South by the Traders' road 
or Alleghany Street ; and West by the Street now known as 
Fourth. A copy of the plan, for some time in the posses- 
sion of your speaker, was long since lost. 

The deeds for lots executed by Dr. Smith prior to the 
formation of Bedford County, recite that a plan is on record 
at Carlisle, but it appears that no plot was recorded there. 
The oldest title found, is a conveyance by Dr. Smith to 
Samuel Anderson, dated Sept. 7th, 1768, for lot No. 12, part of 
which is now owned and occupied by John W. Mattern. It 
recites that "William Smith hath laid out a certain Town, 

called , at Standing Stone, on Juniata, in the County 

of Cumberland, and divided the same into streets and lots 
regularly named and numbered," etc. The town does not 
appear to have been named until two or three years later, 
when it was christened Huntingdon, as a compliment to Selina 
Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, England, who, when Dr. 
Smith was in that country soliciting funds to aid his institu- 
tion of learning, (now the University of Pennsylvania,) lib- 
erally responded to his appeal. She was the second daughter 
of Washington Shirley, second Earl of Ferrars, and was born 
August 24th, 1707 ; married, June 3, 1728, Theophilus Hast- 
ings, ninth Earl of Huntingdon, and resided with him at 
Donington Park, in Leicestershire. Brought up in the es- 
tablished Church, through the influence of her sister-in-law, 
Lady Margaret Hastings, she identified herself with the 
"Methodists." John and Charles Wesley often visited her. 
The loss of two sons in 1743, made her cling more closely to 
the consolations of religion. She became acquainted with 
George Whitefield before his voyage to America, in 1744, and 
on his return in 1 748, appointed him her chaplain. Failing to 
reconcile the Wesleys and Whitefield, she sided with the 
latter. She spent most of her time and large sums of money 
in the propagation of religion. Her death occurred at her 
London house, June 17, 1791. 

When, a quarter century ago, the Borough Council changed 
the names of the streets running at right angles from the river, 



13 

to numerals, a storm of opposition was raised by a very few 
citizens who protested against the innovation as promotive of 
confusion in tracing titles. The fathers only followed the 
example set by the proprietor of the town. In deeds for 
lots in the First Ward, executed July 19th, 1771, the street 
now known as Penn is designated Second, and Second street 
is designated Smith. These, in subsequent conveyances are 
called respectively, Hill and St. Clair until the former became 
Penn, under an Ordinance of April 4th, 1873. 

At October sessions, 1767, of the Court of Cumberland 
County, the upper part of the valley was divided into sev- 
eral townships. One of these, Barre, (now written Barree,) 
included the Standing Stone. In the assessment of that 
township for 1768, John Brady is taxed with two horses and 
two cows ; in 1769 with a house and lot, two horses and 
two cows ; Samuel Brady with a house and lot, one horse 
and one cow ; and John Carnahan with a house and lot, two 
horses and one cow. In 1770 the names of the Bradys do 
not appear, but Carnahan is taxed for the same property as 
in 1769. In 1 77 1 all three are omitted, but the names of 
George Reynolds and Rev. Cornelius Sullivan appear on the 
list. All these, at the dates named, were residents at the 
"Stone," and there were doubtless others among the "single 
freemen." This John Brady, afterward known as Captain 
John Brady, was born in Delaware in 1733, and moved to 
the Cumberland valley about 1750, where he married Mary 
Quigley, and where their oldest son, Samuel, was born in 
1756. He was in Col. Armstrong's expedition to Kittanning. 
Sometime between 1760 and 1762 he moved to Woodcock 
valley, north of McConnellstown, and, except when driven 
oflfby the Indians, continued to reside there until about 
1767, when he and a Samuel Brady (supposed to be a brother) 
removed to the Standing-Stone. He had meantime, August 
ist, 1766, sold his Woodcock valley land to Dr. Smith. On 
the 19th July, 1763, he was commissioned as a Captain in 
the second battalion of the Pennsylvania regiment. While 
residing here his wife, in 1768, presented him. with twin 
babies, a boy and a girl, who were named respectively Hugh 



14 
and Jennie. The next year the family moved to the west 
branch of the Susquehanna where the father was killed by 
the Indians, April nth, 1779. Hugh entered the regular 
army March 7th 1792, as ensign, and served under General 
Wayne; was made Lieutenant in 1794; Captain in 1799; 
Colonel in 1812 ; brevetted Brigadier General in 1822 ; and 
May 30th, 1848, Major General for long and faithful services. 
He was in the battles of Chippewa, Lundy's Lane and Niag- 
ara. He died at Detroit, April 15th, 185 1. On the divis- 
ion of Henderson township, April 25th, 1846, the Court 
performed a most gracious act in naming the Eastern end 
Brady, in honor of this distinguished soldier. 

The act of assembly passed March 9th, 1771, creating 
the County of Bedford, took from Cumberland all of its ter- 
ritory westward of the Eastern boundaries of Fulton and 
Huntingdon Counties. A part of the legal machinery of the 
new county was set in motion at a Court held at Bedford on 
the i6th day of April following. At January sessions, 1772, 
a petition was presented praying the appointment of viewers 
to lay out a road from the Standing-Stone to Bloody Run, 
but it was not until the summer of 1774 that the project was 
consummated. The route began at the end of Standing- 
Stone Creek ridge, and ran "thence north thirty-four de- 
grees west eighty six perches to Standing-Stone Creek; and 
thence up said Creek, north fifteen degrees east nineteen 
perches; and thence north sixty-four degrees west across the 
said creek and along the principal street, called Alleghany 
street, in the town of Huntingdon, ninety-two perches to 
the centre of the said town; and thence the same course 
continued and along the same street, in all two hundred and 
seventy-two perches to the point of the island above the 
Standing Stone," thence across the river via. Smithfield, 
McConnellstown, and Woodcock valley to Bloody Run, now 
Everett. This route was confirmed as a public road and 
ordered to be opened, and is the oldest public road laid out 
by legal authority in the county. 

The proprietor early abandoned the plan to allow the 
land between the Traders' road or Alleghany street and the 




CO 



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15 
river to remain open, and he laid it out into lots. It will be 
observed, on referring to the plan now on record, that the 
numbering of the lots begins with No. i, on which the Elec- 
tric Light Works are erected, and runs up the northern side 
of Alleghany street to Fourth ; down the northern side of 
Fenn to Second ; then from No. i northward on the eastern 
side of Second to and including No. 45, at Washington St.; 
jumps to 46 at the S. E. corner of Alleghany and Fourth, 
and proceeds eastward to and including No. 63, at the end 
of the plot. In a second enlargement of the town, extend- 
ing westward and northward, the next consecutive number is 
64, on the N. W. corner of Alleghany and Fourth, and the 
numbering runs thence westward, etc. 

The centre of the town mentioned in the road report, 
refers to the intersection of Alleghany and Third streets, the 
latter being then the middle or central street, where the pro- 
prietor intended that a market should be established, for 
which purpose he donated a lot on each side of Third street 
extending from Alleghany to the river, and to afford room 
for a market square, 23 feet was taken off the southern end 
of lots Nos. 10 and 11. 

Samuel Anderson has teen mentioned as an early pur- 
chaser of a lot. Among other purchasers before the close of 
the year 1776, were Michael Cryder, 1771 and 1773; Jacob 
Hall and Hermina Hall, 1773; Benjamin Elliott, 1776. 
Ludwig Sells was recommended at October Sessions, 1774, 
for Hcense to keep a public house, and was therefore, a resi-. 
dent and doubtless a lot owner. Michael Cryder was recom- 
mended for license in 1773 and 1774, and was probably the 
first inn-keeper at Huntingdon. 

The next interesting account of the second stone, is in 
the journal of Rev. Philip Vicars Fithian, a graduate of the 
College of New Jersey, of the class of 1772 ; licensed to 
preach by the Presbytery of Philadelphia, Nov. 6th, 1774. 
He left his home at Greenwich, N. J., May 9th, 1775, and 
made a tour through Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania and 
Virginia, visiting the Presbyterian families en route and 
preaching at numerous places. Passing out of the west end 



x6 

of Kischacoquillas Valley, Aug. 21st, he reached Hunting- 
don that evening, and mentions having met here. Squire 
Hall, a storekeeper, and a young Mr. Cluggage, from Shirley. 
The next morning, (22nd) he visited the Warm Springs and 
entered into a minute description of them and the surround- 
ings. On his return he and Mr. Cluggage rode to Fort 
Shirley, where, the next day he wrote : " Wednesday, August 
23rd — I had almost forgotten to tell the person who shall 
read these papers a couple of hundred of years hence, that there 
is now standing in a garden at Huntingdon, a tall column or 
pillar nearly square, which has given to the town and valley 
the name of Standing Stone Valley. The column is seven 
feet above the ground." 

David McMurtrie, who came here about 1776 or 1777,* 
described the stone as being about eight feet high and bear- 
ing the name of John Lukens, then Surveyor General, with 
the date 1768; Charles Lukens, his assistant; and Thomas 
Smith, brother of the founder of the town, at one time 
Deputy Surveyor for the county of Bedford, and afterward a 
judge of the Supreme Court. A part of it is said to be built 
into the wall of the house now owned and occupied by Hon. 
John M. Bailey, at the N. E. corner of Penn and Third 
streets. The part of the stone containing the names men- 
tioned fell many years ago, into the possession of Edward C. 
Summers. It is now on exhibition among the antiquities. 

Jones, in his "Juniata Valley," 1856, said: "The 
Standing Stone — that is, the original stone — was, according 
to John Harris, fourteen feet high and six inches square. It 
stood on the right bank of Stone Creek near its mouth, and 
in such a position as to enable persons to see it at a con- 
siderable distance, either from up or down the river." The 
location thus given was materially different from that in the 
concurrent statements made by old residents, whose recol- 
lections extended back beyond the beginning of the present 
century. They fixed its site on the southern side of Alleghany 
street, nearly opposite the Pennsylvania R. R. warehouse. 
The accuracy of their recollections is fully attested by the 

♦Day's Historical Collections of Pennsylvania, 1843, page 370. 



17 
old records. Doctor Smith, by deed dated May 7th, 1792, 
conveyed to his daughter Rebecca, four lots including "the 
Ancient Standing Stone lot." Samuel Blodget, Junior, and 
Rebecca his wife (formerly Rebecca Smith) by deed dated 
March 28th, 1797, conveyed to Richard Smith one of these 
lots No. 59, and described it as being known by the "title 
of the Ancient Stone Lot." Richard Smith conveyed to 
David R. Porter, May 14th, 1823, who conveyed to George 
Thomas, October 27th, 1852. This last mentioned deed 
also described the lot as being "known by the title of 
Ancient Standing Stone Lot." These deeds fix beyond all 
question tTie location of the histojic pillar. When buildings 
were about to be erected in the vicinity, it was removed and 
placed in front of the Court House* that then stood in Third 
street south of Penn. There it was subjected to the 'van- 
dalism that finally resulted in its destruction as a historical 
monument. 

A Fort, called Standing Stone Fort, was erected here, 
but at a date that cannot now be fixed. One writer says it 
included an area of ten acres. This is, unquestionably, an 
exaggeration. Jones says it was built in 1762, and rebuilt 
on the breaking out of the revolution.** 

David McMurtrie*** said it was built during the Revolu- 
tionary War and stood in the south-eastern part of the town. 
The tradition of old residents fixed its location in the vicinity 
of Penn and Second streets. It was constructed of stock- 
ades and was provided with barracks, block-houses and 
magazines. The lower story of a blacksmith shop that stood 
at No. 205 Penn street until about 1854, was constructed 
from hewn oak logs from one of the magazines of the fort. 
They bore evidence of the care and skill of the builders. 
The corners had "dove-tail" notches and when successive 
layers of logs were put up, they fitted close together leaving 
no crack between. A map of the country west of the Hud- 
son river, and south of the St. Lawrence river and Lakes 
Ontario and Erie, extending to Maryland and Virginia, con- 

*Jacob Miller's statement, written for speaker in 1861. 

♦♦Jones' Juniata Valley, page 186. 

»**Day's Historical Collections of Penn'a. (1843) P- 37o- 



structed by Capt. Pouchot, who was in the French military 
service, and transmitted by him to Marshal de Belle Isle in 
a letter dated at Montreal, 14th April, 1758,* locates 
Philadelphie, Lancastre, Easton, Franckstown, Rays Town, 
de la Susquehanna, Juneata R. , Belle R. , F. Comberland, F. 
Sianden Stone, F. du Quesne, Laudon, Liteton, Loyalhanoti, 
etc. This map recognizes Fort Standing-Stone as a defensive 
post at a date earlier than any given in English records. 
The French, however, were more careful to preserve records 
of explorations than their rival English neighbors. 

The gathering storm between the American Colonies and 
the parent government that ripened into the Revolution, 
restrained the inflow of immigration to the fertile river bot- 
toms and valleys of the upper Juniata. The English sought 
alliance with the Indians and encouraged them to fall upon 
the defenceless settlements, murder the inhabitants, destroy 
their crops and burn their habitaiions. The greatest period 
of terror was during the British occupation of Philadelphia, 
1777-1778. Many families from the adjacent valleys sought 
the protection of Fort Standing-Stone. On the 20th Feb- 
ruary, 1779, a memorial of inhabitants of the upper part of 
the valley was presented to the Assembly, representing that 
they were in a perilous situation on account of the Indians ; 
that numbers were suffering for want of bread ; and praying 
assistance and asking that Major Robert Cluggage** should 
be continued as commander. Among the signers, residents 
of Standing-Stone were : Ludwig Sell, Jacob Hall, Abraham 
Hains, Francis Cluggage, Benjamin Elliott, Archibald Fletch- 
er and Jacob Laird. John Fee, George Jackson, Michael 
Cryder, Roger McLean, John Weston, Nicholas Grafi'is, 
Peter Grafius, John Canan, and others whose names are ap- 
pended, lived within a radius of a few miles from the fort. 
Some families fled to the settlements below the mountains 
and remained there until it was thought safe to return. By 
the close of the year, dread of the Indians abated and grad- 

*Penn'a Archives, Second Series, VI. p. 409. 

**Cluggage lived in Black Log valley near Black Log Gap. In the summer 
of 1775, he marched his Company to Boston and there joined the American army, 
then under the command of Gen '1 Washington. 




J 



c 



19 

ually the people returned to their deserted homes and farms. 

The assessment of Himtingdon township for 1782, shows 
the names of twenty-five taxables of the town, to wit : 
James Armstrong. Nathaniel Garard, Anthony Sell, 

Henry Ashbaugh, Jacob Ginoe, Ludwick Sell, 

John Ashbaugh, Abraham Haines, Solomon Sell, 

Adam Bardmesser, Jacob Hall, John Shaver, 

(Widow)Breckenridge, Mrs. Hall, . Conrad Swank, 

Charles Brotherline, John Patton, Willi am Watson, 

Peter Devit, George Reynolds, William Wilson, 

Archibald Fletcher, Jacob Rowler, James Williams, 

Isaac Worrel. 

These taxables were assessed with thirty-four lots and 
twenty-three houses It is probable that a few of the persons 
named, although owners of houses and lots, did not reside 
in the town. 

Following the close of the war of the Revolution, the 
annual increase in the population of town and country was 
more rapid, and in a few years the people of Huntingdon 
began to think it ought to be a county-town. In 1787, pe- 
titions to the Assembly, praying the passage of a law setting 
off the northern part of Bedford into a new county, were 
numerously signed and a bill was introduced for that purpose. 
It met with spirited opposition and was as warmly advocated 
by its friends, and it became a law September 20th. The act 
gave the name Huntingdon to the new county and the town 
was fixed therein as the seat of justice. 

As has already been noted, the market-place was fixed " 
at the intersection of Alleghany and Third streets. Expect- 
ing the new county to be formed, Dr. Smith desired the 
Court House to be erected in Third street and preferred that 
the market-house should be placed further west. Accordingly 
an agreement was entered into August 22, 1787, by the 
owners of twelve lots of ground on both sides of Penn street, 
east and West of Fifth, by which they covenanted to set off 
fifteen feet of the front of their lots, to be "left open forever 
for the enlarging of the street in front of the said lots." At 
a meeting of these lot owners, held August 27th, 1788, it 



20 

was agreed that a market-house should be erected on the east 
side of Fifth street of the dimensions of twenty by one 
hundred and twenty-five feet; also, that the two lots former- 
ly intended for a market-place, one on each side of Third 
between Alleghany street and the river, should be sold at 
public sale, and ;^45 of the proceeds should be applied 
toward erecting the market-house and the remainder toward 
erecting a public school. A market house was erected and 
remained in use until 1847, when it was torn down by 
authority of the Burgesses and Town Council. 

The legal machinery for the new county was put in mo- 
tion without delay. Officers were appointed and commis- 
sioned and Courts held. The house of Ludwig Sell, named 
in the act of Assembly as the place where the Courts should 
be held until a Court House should be built, was on lot No. 
7 on the northern side of Alleghany street between Second 
and Third. August 25th, 1791, Dr. Smith conveyed to the 
trustees of the public buildings, lot No. 41 on the eastern 
side of Second street, in trust for building a prison thereon 
and for a prison yard. On this lot a jail was built. The lot 
was afterward purchased by the turnpike company and Penn 
street opened over it. August 22nd, 1794, Dr. Smith con- 
veyed to the trustees a site for a Court House in the centre 
of Third street between Penn and Alleghany, and for that 
purpose the street was widened to 104 feet. The building, 
forty-four by thirty feet, was to front Penn street but set 
back thirty feet therefrom. It was erected as planned and 
. was used for public purposes until 1842. 

On the assessment of the town, made in 1788, the names 
of eighty one taxables appear, who were rated with 54 
houses, 155 lots, 4 negroes, (slaves), four stills and one 
brewery. 

CHURCHES — The Presbyterian Congregation is the 
oldest religious society of the town. July 6th, 1789, a sub- 
scription was made "for one-half of Rev'd John Johnston's* 

*He was born in or near the city of Belfast, Ireb.ud, in 1750 ; came to Penn- 
sylvania in 1784 or 1785; received by the Presbytery of Philadelphia from the 
Presbytery of Belfast, as an ordained minister ; received by the Presbytery of 
Carlisle, May 26th, 1787, and installed pastor of Hart's Log and Shaver's Creek ; 
pastorial relation with Shaver's Creek dissolved Oct. 7th, 1789. He married Miss 
Jane Macbeth, about 1788. 



21 

ministerial labours to be performed at the town of Hunting- 
don." He accepted the call April 13th, 1790, and served 
the congregation until June 13th, 1823, when he resigned. 
His death occurred on the i6th of the following December. 
Mr. Johnston, soon after the acceptance of the call, moved 
to Huntingdon and resided until his death at the south-east 
corner of Penn and Second streets. The Huntingdon Pres- 
bytery, formed from the Presbytery of Carlisle, was organ- 
ized on the 2nd Tuesday of April, 1795, and on May i6th, 
181 1, the Northumberland Presbytery was created from a 
part of its territory. 

Judge Joseph Adams stated old citizens informed him, 
that the first church built here was by the Roman Catholics. 
It stood on the lots at the N. W. corner of Third and Penn 
streets, and was constructed of logs. Doctor Smith conveyed 
these lots, Nos. 27 and 28, to Rev'd John Carr^)l, D. D., 
December loth, 1788, hence it is more than probable that 
Judge Adams' tradition is correct. 

There appears to have been preaching here by ministers 
of the Methodist Episcopal Church as early as 1788, but a 
society was not formed until 1797. 

Among the early inhabitants of the town and vicinity 
were many persons of German extraction, and they were 
doubtless visited by Lutheran and Reformed ministers. Both 
churches had organizations before the beginning of the 
present century, but their records, if preserved, have not 
been accessible. 

On the 14th November, 1795, Dr. Smith conveyed a lot 
of ground for church purposes to trustees for each religious 
denomination then represented in the population. The 
trustees named in the deeds were as follows : 

For the Presbyterian Church — Rev. John Johnston, An- 
drew Henderson, John Patton, Matthew Simpson and James 
Nesbit. 

For the German Calvinist {Reformed') Church — Peter 
Swoope and Peter Stevens. 

For the German Lutheran Church — Henry Miller and 
George Faulkner. 



For the Protestant Episcopal Church — Benjamin Elliott, 
Richard Smith, John Cadwallader and Thomas Whittaker. 

THE FIRST MILL— Doctor Smith intended to build a 
mill on Standing-Stone Creek. The tract including the land on 
both sides of Standing-Stone Avenue is called in the patent 
"Millbank," and in the original leases for the meadows he 
reserved the right to construct a mill race. Subsequent in- 
vestigations caused him to select the site now occupied by 
Fisher & Millers' Flouring Mill. In a deed for the proper- 
ty executed by the Doctor to his son Charles, August 23rd, 
1790, it is recited that the construction of a mill, mill-race 
and dam was begun and partly completed. 

In 1792, the artisans of the town were : Blacksmiths, 4 ; 
Hatters, 2 ; Shoemakers, 4 ; Stocking-weavers, i ; Cabinet- 
makers, 2 ; Saddlers, 2 ; Silversmiths, i; Tailors, 3 ; Wheel- 
wrights, 2. 

INCORPORATION.— Evidently as a preparation Jor 
the incorporation of the- town as a borough, Doctor Smith 
caused a map or plan of the town to be drawn and the same 
was recorded on the 14th day of November, 1795. A re- 
markable blunder was committed by some person, in making 
the record show the "Market Place" at Fifth and Washing- 
ton, instead of Fifth and Penn streets. During the next 
session of the General Assembly an act of incorporation was 
passed, March 29th, 1796, as has been mentioned. The 
boundaries given therein are the same as those described on 
the recorded plan, and begin at a stone corner at the river 
200 feet east of Second street and run thence N. 24° E. 109. 7 
perches to a stone; thence N. 66° W., through the Cemetery 
and along the southern side of Oneida street, 157 perches to 
a stone at the western line of Seventh street; thence S. 24° 
W., including Seventh street, no perches or thereabouts to 
the river; thence down the same to the place of beginning. 
At an election held on the first Monday of April following, 
Benjamin Elliott was chosen Chief Burgess. 

While Judge Elliott and his associate fathers were busy- 
ing themselves in completing the corporate organization of 
the infant borough, Jonathan Priestley, assessor, with John 




X 






bH 

G 



u 



'f^\ 



23 

Patton and John Williams, assistants, was enrolling the in- 
habitants of the township of Huntingdon, and listing their 
property subject to taxation. From their return made in the 
spring ot 1796, the following schedule of names and occupa- 
tions of citizens of the borough was made, to which is added 
the- street and number of their residences where the same 
could be obtained. An appended asterisk (*) indicates that 
the person named has decendants now living here. 

HOUSE-HOLDERS. 
*Africa, Michael, brick maker and dyer, 321, 323 Alleghany. 
Armitage, John, mechanic. 
Blair, John, 617, 619 Penn. 

Cadwallader, John, lawyer, 30.5. 307 Alleghany. 
Chambers, Arthur, surveyor, N. E. cor. Penn & Second, 2 lots. 
Colestock, Christian, shoemaker, 313, 315 Alleghany. 
Cutlip, Jonathan, nailer. 
Davis, John, hatter, 424, 426 Alleghany. 
Dean, Alexander, tavern keeper-and shop-keeper, S. E. corner 

of Alleghany and Second. 
Deardurff, Abraham, nailer, 6 '4, 606 Penn. 
*Dorland, John, tailor, N. E. corner Penn and Fifth. 
Drury, James, tailor. 

Drury, Stephen, silversmith, W. lot of Court House grounds. 
Eckelberger, Valentine, blacksmith, 313, 315 Alleghany. 
*Elliott, Benjamin, shopkeeper, N. W. cor. Alleghany & Second. 
*Elliott, James, tanner, Penn above Sixth. 
Eshelman, (w^idow^.) 

Evans, Ellis, joiner, carpenter or cabinet maker) 617, 619 Mifflin. 
Evans, Mark. 
*Fockler, George. 
Fulton, James, mason. 
Funk, Michael, weaver, 209, 211 Penn. 
George, John, joiner, 409, 411 Alleghany. 

*Glazier, Daniel, tavern-keeper, N. side Alleghany , above Second. 
*Gwin, Patrick. 
Harden, James, shoemaker. 
Harr, Everard, shopkeeper, 421, 423 Penn. 
*Haynes, Abraham, N. side Alleghany, above Second. 
Henderson, Andrew, prothonotary, 325, 327 Allegheny. 
*Hoffman, Peter, potter, 517, 519 Alleghany. 
Householder, Adam. 

*Householder, George, blacksmith, 304, 306 Alleghany. 
Howe, Abraham, chairmaker, 401-407 Mifflin. 



24 

*Johnston, Rev. John, Presbyterian Pastor, S. E. corner Penn 

and Second. 
Ker, Thomas, .539, .531 Penn. 
Ker, William, shopkeeper. 
Kimberling, Henry, tailor. 
*Kurtz, Frederick, joiner, 329-335 Mifflin. 
Law, Mark, N. side of Mifflin, above Sixth. 

Levels, John, shoemaker, Penn. 

Lig-ht, John. 

Linkswiler, — , wagonmaker, N. side Alleghany, above Fourth. 

Litzinger, Simon, mason. 

Lutz, Andrew, w^eaver. 

McClane, William, shoemaker. 

McConnell, Alexander, shopkeeper, S.W. cor. Penn -and Fourth. 

McConnell, William, tavern-keeper, 431, 433 Alleghany. 

*McMurtrie,;David, Fourth below Penn. 

*McMurtrie, James. 

McNutt, John, shopkeeper. 605, 607 Penn. 

Marshall, John, tavern-keeper. 

Martin, George, mason, 317, 319 Mifflin. 

Metz, Lewis, saddler, S. side of Alleghany, above Third. 

Miers, Joseph, joiner, 539, 531, Alleghany. 

Miers. Michael, 605, 607 Mifflin. 

Moyers, John, 313. 315 Alleghany. 

Miller, Christley. tanner. 

*Miller, Henry, shopkeeper, 409, 411 Penn. 

Miller, William, tailor, ih7 Alleghany. 

Nesbit. James, physician, 608-614 Penn. 

Newman, Peter, skindresser, S. side Alleghany, above Fourth. 

*Patton, John. 

Patton. Joseph, tanner. 

Potter, Simon, tavern keeper, 334, 326 Alleghany. 

Priestley Jonathan. 

Reynolds. George. 313, 314 Alleghany. 

Rothrock Frederick, saddler, 313, 315 Penn. 

*Saxton, James, shoemaker, 434, 426 Penn. 

Sells, John, Hatter, 413, 41 i Mifflin. 

Sells, Ludwig. 

Sells, Samuel. 

*Simpson, John, blacksmith, N. W. cor, Penn and Second. 2 lots. 

Simpson. Matthew, tavern-keeper, 417, 419 Penn. 

Simpson. Robert weaver, 501-507 Alleghany. 

*Shultz. Lawren> e. tavern-keeper, 330, 333 Alleghany. 

Smith, Adam, joiner. 

Smith, Philip, tailor, 308, 310 Penn. 



25 

steel, Samuel, tavern-keeper, 416, 418 Penn. 

*Steel, William, shopkeeper, 3n, 319 Penn. 

Stevens, Peter, tailor, .509, .511 Penn. 

*Sturtzman, Adam, S. side Alleghany, above Fourth. 

*Swoope, Peter, hatter, 335, 327 Penn. 

Sytes, Stophel. 

Tanner, Hugh, weaver, 309, 311 Penn. 

Travilla, Richard, chairmaker. 

Weidner. Jacob (?) Jackson House, Alleghany. 

*West brook, (widow) 410 Penn. 

*Whittaker. Thomas, tavern-keeper, S. W. corner Alleghany 

and Fourth. 
Will, Peter, cooper, 401, 407 Alleghany. 
Wright, John, shoemaker. 

SINGLE FREEMEN. 
Armitage, Benjamin, carpenter. 
Ballow, Daniel, cooper. 

*Brotherline, Charles, S side of Alleghany, E. of Second. 
Campbell, Robert, joiner. S. W. corner Fifth and Penn. 
Clark James, weaver. 

Eckelberger^ Stephen, wagonmaker. 301, 303 Washington. 
Fling, John. 

Foley, James, 401, 403 Penn. 
Gain or, John, tailor. 
Gillespie, Thoraas, distiller. 
*Graffius, Martin, tinner, 405. 407 Penn. 
Griffith, John, teacher, S. E. corner Alleghany and Fifth. 
Haynes, Jacob, nailer. 
Henderson, Jonathan, lawyer. 
Huston, William, weaver. 
McAvay, Dennis. 
McCaleb, John, joiner. 
McCaleb, William, tanner. 
McConnell, James, weaver. 
McConnell, John, shopkeeper. 
Morton, James, tailor. 
*Patton, Benjamin, joiner. 
Rothrock, Daniel, saddler. 
Rothrock Joseph, silversmith. 
Rudisell, Jonas, tanner. 
Simpson, Robert, joiner. 
Smith, Richard, lawyer. 
Stroupe, Anthony. 
Wilson, George, physician. 405, 407 Washington. 

The same names appear on the assessment for 1797. except 

.lonathan Cutlip, marked removed; (widow) Eshleman: 

Linkswiler, Lewis Metz, Adam Smith, and Dennis McAvajr, 
but with the addition of that of Alexander King, 339, 331 
Mifflin. 



26 

The leading incidents have been briefly noted, and the 
names of the chief actors given, as they occurred in the his- 
tory of the upbuilding of this town from the days of Indian 
occupation, until the time when it set aside village ways and 
assumed the dignity of a borough. The century Avhich 
closed at the inauguration of the commemorative ceremonies 
of this week, is rich in stores of history. It would be both 
interesting and pleasant to delve into its records and tell of 
the marvellous improvements made in methods of transporta- 
tion and transmission of intelligence ; the wonders of the 
printing press ; the astonishing progress in every branch of 
education, science, art, manufactures and mechanics ; in- 
crease of population and wealth ; and advancement of 
methods contributing to the beautifying of the borough and 
the comfort and enjoyment of its people ; and to speak ot 
the many distinguished citizens who from time to time pro- 
moted our progress, but both the hour and place forbid. 

While this is a season o,f festivity, these exercises relate 
particularly to the Standing-Stone The Committee has per- 
formed its work patriotically and well, and our people should 
justly estimate and appreciate their nice discrimination in 
selecting, securing and erecting this massive shaft in simili- 
tude to ancient Onojutta. Their labors are completed. We 
bow with veneration to this latest counterpart of the ancient 
pillar of the misty past. This Standing-Stone must serve to 
keep alive with us who are here, and with those who succeed 
us, as long as time lasts, quickened recollections of the toils, 
dangers and privations suffered by our fathers in their labors 
to build homes here, on the bank of the peerless Juniata. 



THE BLUE JUNIATA. 



BY MRS. MARION DIX SULLIVAN. 

Who was bom in 1802, in Boscawen, N. H., near the beautiful Merrimac River. 

Her father was Col. Timothy Dix, and she was a sister of 

Gen. John A. Dix, of New York. She died in i860. 



Wild roved an Indian girl, 

Bright Alfarata, 
Where sweep the waters 

Of the Blue Juniata ; 
Swift as an antelope, 

Through the forest going. 
Loose were her jetty locks 

In wavy tresses flowing. 

Gay was the mountain song, 

Of bright Alfarata, 
Where sweep the waters 

Of the Blue Juniata, 
Strong and true my arrows are, 

In my painted quiver. 
Swift goes my light canoe, 

Adown the rapid river. 



Bold is my warrior, good. 

The love of Alfarata, 
Proud waves his snowy plume 

Along the Juniata ; 
Soft and low he speaks to me, 

And then his war-cry sounding. 
Rings his voice in thunder loud. 

From height to height resounding. 

So sang the Indian girl. 

Bright Alfarata, 
Where sweep the waters 

Of the Blue Juniata ; 
Fleeting years have borne away 

The voice of Alfarata, 
Still sweeps the river on. 

The Blue Juniata. 



A RESPONSE TO THE BLUE JUNIATA. 



By Rev. CYRUS CORT, D. D., 1865, 
while Pastor of the Reformed Church, Altoona, Pa. 



The Indian girl has ceased to rove 

Along the winding river ; 
The warrior Brave that won her love. 

Is gone, with bow and quiver. 

The valley rears another race, 

Where flows the Juniata ; 
Where maidens rove, with paler face 

Than that of Alfarata. 

[wail, 
Where pine trees moan her requiem 

And blue waves, too, are knelling. 
Through mountain gorge and fertile 

A louder note is swelling. [vale, 

A hundred years have rolled around, 
The Red man has departed, 

The hills give back a wilder sound 
Than warrior's whoop e'er started. 

With piercing neigh, the iron steed 
Now sweeps along the waters, [speed 

And bears with more than wild deer 
The white man's sons and daughters. 

The products, too, of every clime 

Are borne along the- river, 
Where roved theBrave in olden time. 

With nought but bow and quiver. 

And swifter than the arrow's flight, 
From trusty bow and quiver. 

The messages of love and light 
Now speed along the river. 



The engine and the telegraph [es. 

Have wrought some wondrous chang- 
Since rang the Indian maiden's laugh 
Among the mountain ranges. 

'Tis grand to see what art hath done. 
The world is surely wiser ; [won 

What triumphs white man's skill hath 
With steam, the civilizer. 

But still, methinks, I'd rather hear 

The song of Alfarata, 
Had rather chase the fallow deer 

Along the Juniata. 

For fondly now my heart esteems 
This Indian song and story ; 

Yea, grander far old nature seems, 
Than art in all its glory. 

Roll on, thou classic Keystone stream. 

Thou peerless little river • 
Fulfill the poet's brightest dream, 

And be a joy forever. 

As generations come and go, 
Each one their part repeating. 

Thy waters keep their constant flow. 
Still down to ocean fleeting. 

And while thy blue waves seek the sea, 

Thou lovely Juniata, 
Surpassing sweet thy name shall be, 

For sake of Alfarata. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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